Start by documenting where and when you saw activity
Note the exact area, time of day and what the rat was doing. Look nearby for food, trash, water, burrows or openings into the building. Those details can make an inspection more useful.
Look for signs beyond the rat itself
Check for droppings, gnaw marks, scratching sounds, rub marks, disturbed trash and holes or burrows near the foundation. Inside a multifamily building, note whether activity is near shared walls, utility penetrations, basements or common areas.
Reduce easy food and shelter
Secure trash, clean food residue, avoid leaving pet food exposed and reduce clutter or dense harborage where practical. Boston's Rodent Action Plan emphasizes addressing root causes and environmental conditions as part of integrated pest management.
Private property and City reporting have different roles
Boston provides rodent reporting and municipal pest-management resources for public and neighborhood conditions. Rat activity involving a private home, apartment building or business may also require action at the property itself.
When to request an inspection
Professional help is appropriate when rats are entering the structure, signs continue, multiple areas show activity, you hear movement in walls or ceilings, or you need help identifying likely access points.